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Tang Yongtong (p=Tāng Yòngtóng; 4 August 1893 – 1 May 1964) was a Chinese educator, philosopher and scholar best known for studying Chinese Buddhism. Tang was proficient in Sanskrit, Pali, English and Japanese.
Tang attended the Tsinghua School and Shuntian School before he pursued advanced studies in the United States. While studying at Harvard University, he became known as "one of the three Outstanding Persons of Harvard" along with Chen Yinke and Wu Mi.
He was an academician of the Academia Sinica. He was a member of the 1st National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was also a delegate to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd National People's Congress.
He returned to China after graduation in 1922 and that same year became professor of National Southeast University. After a short period of teaching students in Nankai University, he returned to Nanjing, where he was a professor at National Central University. In 1931, he moved to Peking University as a professor at the Department of Philosophy, where he was promoted to dean of College of Liberal Arts in 1946. In the following 1947 he went to the University of California, Berkeley, where he lectured the History of Chinese Buddhism. In 1948 he was elected a fellow of the Academia Sinica. In December 1948 he refused to go to Taipei, Taiwan, while Chiang Kai-shek invited him to follow the Nationalists. In January 1949 he was proposed as the new chairman of Peking University.
In 1949, the year of the defeat of the Communists over the Nationalists in the Chinese Civil War, Tang stayed on Peking University in Beijing. He was appointed vice-president of Peking University in 1951. Two years later, he was elected a member of the newly established Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1954, he was diagnosed with intracerebral hemorrhage and then stayed in bed for a long time. Tang died in Beijing on May 1, 1964.
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